How Video Games Impact Emotional Expression - Free Essay Example

Video game history began in October 1958, where a physicist by the name of William Higinbotham showcased a basic tennis game, similar to the 1975 hit Pong. And as with everything new to the world, video games almost immediately picked of negative criticism, also, that criticism seemed to only grow as video games progressed throughout the decades. In 1976, Death Race, the first contentious video game was released and was pulled off the shelf because its content was found unsuitable for play, the idea of a game based around vehicular homicide was something the world wasn’t ready for, thus it was pulled off of shelves.. But the real controversy didn’t arrive until 1997 when a lawsuit was made for the parents of three victims of the Heath High School shooting of 1997. â€Å"Anti-video games activist and attorney Jack Thompson file the first of what are to be a large number of lawsuits claiming video games are responsible for violence perpetrated by teens.†(NCAC, 1997) It was this same argument and others like it that birthed the question of whether or not video games lead to violent behavior, and the notion was that they did. This idea of video games causing violence and thus, ultimately, being bad for you, carried on into my childhood where I was constantly told how bad and violent they were, inspiring me to conduct my own research on the topic. The vast majority of past research focuses on short-term effects of video games, which I will address, however, research dealing within the moment and longitudinal impacts are scarce. People shouldn’t be allowed to use video games as a scapegoat for who or what is at fault for causing violence in adolescence. My research will revolve around these will also taking a look at these impacts in the context of solo play and cooperative play. â€Å"General† Sources for Video Games and Expression Results were broad ranging for research that studies short-term impacts. A research report titled Measuring problem video game playing in adolescents (Salguero R. Moran R., 2002) holds results saying essentially that; excessive gaming, measured with PvP, can spur problems that eerily resemble a dependence syndrome. The method results within this remain similar to the majority of other research. According to Self-transcendence and Self-oriented Perspective as Mediators Between Video Game Playing and Aggressive Behaviour in Teenagers, there’s a definitive correlation between video game playing and aggressive/antisocial behavior. The (Espinosa P. and Clemente M., 2013) there is a direct effect of the amount of video game played on aggression, even when violent content is controlled, the results still emerge similarly. Griffiths (1999) took a more formal approach by allotting play time to subjects, during that they would play a genre of games and have their aggression monitored. This method could interfere with the accuracy of the results by putting the young subjects in such a mechanical process, a process that could very well make them uncomfortable in a way that inhibits their emotional expression. Another very similar study (Olson, Cheryl K., Kutner, Lawrence A., Baer, Lee, Beresin, Eugene V., Warner, Dorothy E., Nicholi II, and Armand M., 2009) looked into the link between violent video games and violent/delinquent behavior. The results showed that there is a noticeable link between M-rated video games and delinquent. The method used was monitoring and analyzing the behavior of the subject. This made me wonder if there are any benefits of violent video games. Similar experiments with similar result took place with Colburn (2010) but through the perspective of an idea known as the social learning theory. This study found that there is a noticeable correlation between video game play and teen aggression. The study also says that the development of hostile behavior/aggression will come playing multiple violent video game’s or playing on a regular basis. Colburn makes use of the method of social learning theory (SLT). A process based on behavioral analyzation. I wanted to know what other people saw as the issue with video games so I found an article, The Real Problem With Video Games (Schiesel, 2018) by Seth Schiesel, this article claims that video games causing violence isn’t an issue because there’s no real evidence connecting the two, as Schiesel said, â€Å"Decades of research, after all, have failed to find any significant relationship between playing violent video games and behaving violently in real life.† Schiesel then goes off to claim that the violence among youth spawns from creative writing educators seek to foster because the United States Secret Service and the Department of Education studied violence in schools, they found that 37 percent of attackers exhibited an interest in violence in their own writings, such as poems, essays, or journal entries, while only 12 percent exhibited an interest in violent video games. This claim seemed very brazen but it’s actually well supported. This new perspecti ve shies away from the traditional black and white view of video games either causing violence in youth or not. It opens up a middle ground of there being an outside catalyst and with this new middle ground supported by data, both sides could discuss it without having to have a mental clash over the role video games play in youth violence. Fact or Fiction?: Video Games Are the Future of Education is an article that presents multiple perspectives on the topic of video games. One such perspective is that of the teachers who wish to educate, supply new forms of learning and new concepts via video games. Some people even believe video games to be the new learning format of the future. Opposing views argue that video game skills cannot be translated into higher test scores or grades. I agree that the jump from video game high scores to high test scores doesnt seem all that plausible, however, it seems as though this argument is centered around the test scores and not the actual learning that gets done by the children, thus, depreciating the value of the arguers claim. Alternate Uses for Video Games In life most problems don’t have one solution, most of them can be solved with different approaches. Take for example depression, you can’t just pop a few pills and be cured, they may be effective but interacting with people, getting out the house more and, for many people, various personal ways. This article explores the impact of a video meant to target depression in teens and its other users as well. The video game was successful in its goal of lowering depression. Video games like this will revolutionize the gaming world and experience with their innovative ideas, ideas that utilize video games as alternate sources of interaction or, in this case, healing. The study, published in the latest issue of BMJ, has shown that the game was at least as effective as counseling in helping treat depression and anxiety in a study group of kids averaging 15 years old. According to the editor, â€Å"In fact, it worked better, reducing symptoms of depression more than treatment as usual.† (Medgadget, 2012) Sparx seems like a promising new way to combat depression. As a kid I never just played video games, to fully enjoy the game I had to submerge myself into that virtual reality, in that state, when I played, I felt as if I was the character completing the quests and missions, it was the only way for me to play the game. According to, the moderately liberal media source, The Atlantic’s article, The Good and the Bad of Escaping to Virtual Reality via Monica Kim, If virtual reality becomes a part of people’s day-to-day lives, more and more people may prefer to spend a majority of their time in virtual spaces. This can be beneficial, to an extent of course. Imagine you’re doing an essay on city life in China but the only resources you have at your disposal are articles and movies that you’ve watched, that wont make for a great essay because one, you’re reading from mainly the point of view of others and two, for the most part, you’re watching stereotypes. But here’s potential a solution, create a virtual reality video game in which the objectives are centered around exploring China, while you rack up achievements, you’ll be inadvertently learning about China in a way that doesn’t bore you and won’t fell hard to memorize. I can agree with the author that, this technological paradigm shift brings a level of immersion unlike any that has come before it, primarily because there has been no innovation like virtual reality until the arrival of virtual reality, cell phones, and the internet may allow you to connect to places around the world via communication, images, and research but VR will place you in the desired environment, enabling you to interact with foreign lands from the comfort of your own home. However, I don’t particularly agree that virtual reality can become integrated into the day-to-day lives of people or that they may prefer to spend a majority of their time in virtual spaces. One reason is that Kim claims that VR will absorb all the attention of everyone when that’s not the case. People are still human, we thrive on human interaction, so people will still interact with one another away from VR, while you could argue that people could simply interact via VR, yes that is possible but you can’t go to the park, play sports, go out to eat, the movies, or even walk to school together with VR, you have to take time away from it and people will. This is a unique and innovative way to use a video that involves zero violence. Cooperative v Solo Gaming My research also looks at gaming impacts but in the scope of cooperative gaming versus solo play. Ewoldsen, David R., Eno, Cassie A., Okdie, Bradley M., Velez, John A., Guadagno, Rosanna E., DeCoster, Jamie.’s article (2012) looks at the difference in behavioral impact co-op and PvP gaming. They concluded that playing video games co-op and PvP, neither yielded serious results as to negative emotional expression, gender wasn’t a significant factor. The method utilized was having 119 participants play Halo II and later have their behavior and behavioral shifts monitored. However, they don’t speak about emotional expression in terms of solo vs co-op. However, results yielded differently for Greitemeyer T. and Cox C. (2013), they arrived at the conclusion that co-op gaming leads to increased cohesion, causing more trust cooperative behavior. The method used 52 subjects that were paired up and assigned either a co-op game or a solo game and their scores and team behavior were monitored and logged. For me, this raised the question of whether or not co-op games lead to more emotional expression than solo. The results for Noah J. Adam, Sotaro Shimada, Atsumichi Tachibana, Bronner S. (2015) were more alternate than different, it held a few similarities. The results depicted that sympathetic tone changes during cooperative gameplay. The research determined that game playing with sympathetic tone often leads to higher scores, however, there were higher stress levels among players. Meanwhile, it was the opposite for solo players with somewhat lower scores but also less stressful. The method utilized was having two locations, an area where cooperation and teamwork were emphasized, and an environment where solo achievement was emphasized, both groups played â€Å"Tengen Tetris†, player scores (solo and co-op) were then logged and compared. This raises the question of whether solo or co-op gaming leads to heightened emotional expression. Video Games Studies with a Gender Component Most studies either neglected to take into account gender differences or stated that they were negligible. However, Adachi, Paul J.C., and Willoughby, Teena’s (2016) takes that into serious consideration. This article looks at the correlation between competition and adolescent aggression. Results showed there was a correlation between competitive game play and aggression. The method used was to take a roughly 50:50 male-to-female group and have them play competitive video games or compete in games, their behavior was then recorded. This raises the question of whether it was the competitive gaming or competition in general that caused the increase in aggression. I plan on using a mixed method of observation tally and interview questions. This topic is rarely researched and when it is, the researcher looks only to prove their current bias. But to ensure that my research doesnt follow a similar path I plan to base all my research off in the moment assessments of myself and others who play video games in participation with my experiment. Does playing video games actually lead to aggressive/delinquent behavior? More specifically, does video game content impact the type and how much emotion will be expressed?

Satire of the Knight in the Prologue and Knights Tale of...

Satire. Satire is a biting literary tool, one that Geoffery Chaucer used liberally when he wrote his Canterbury Tales. Websters New World Dictionary says that satire is the use of ridicule, sarcasm, etc. to attack vices, follies, etc. Using that definition, I think that all of the pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales are satirized to some extent; some of the satirizations are more subtle than others. The Knight is one of the pilgrims that is more subtly satirized. Chaucer satirizes knights and chivalry in two different ways: in the prologue and in the Knights Tale. The first way in the prologue is with the pilgrim Knights character. Chaucer wanted to present a realistic knight, but he also wanted to give the Knight some very†¦show more content†¦Hodges, featured in April 1995 edition of The Chaucer Review, Hodges examines the reasons behind Chaucers decisions on the clothing of his Knight. After examining the introduction of the Knights character in the General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales, Ms. Hodges said that Chaucer intended his Knight to be the one true to life portrait of a knight of the 14th century-an every knight of sorts. She also concluded that Chaucer wanted to go against the normal chivalric ideal of a knight by presenting a knight as he really might have been: a basically good person, but with imperfections. I disagree with Hodges about Chaucers intentions when characterizing the knight. I dont think the knight was meant to be a true to life portrait of the every knight. I think that the reason Hodges and I disagree has to do with the scope of our examination. Hodges was mostly examining the Knights clothing, with only references to the rest of the Knights description in the prologue, and only briefly mentions the Knights Tale. I am looking at the Knight in a more general sense, and looking at clues in the entire description and the tale. One of the generalizations Hodges makes is that Chaucers Knight is not romantically ideal. On this point, we definitely agree. There havent been many changes in peoples conceptions of the ideal knight since the 14th century. The ideal knight is the oneShow MoreRelatedCharacter Satire in Chaucers Canterbury Tales2302 Words   |  10 PagesSatire of the Knight in Prologue and Knights Tale Satire. Satire is a biting literary tool, one that Geoffery Chaucer used liberally when he wrote his Canterbury Tales. Websters New World Dictionary says that satire is the use of ridicule, sarcasm, etc. to attack vices, follies, etc. Using that definition, I think that all of the pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales are satirized to some extent; some of the satirizations are more subtle than others. The Knight is one of the pilgrimsRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Characterization Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it used many forms of characterization to present the characters to the reader. 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Ethical Relativism And Ethical Absolutism - 1992 Words

Ethical pluralism is a theory that human beings hold multiple morally right and wrong ways to do something. It allows multiple views to something on being right or wrong. Therefore, ethical pluralism means that there is no one right or wrong, but multiple ways. It also means that humans should know morally if something is wrong or good. This theory is between the two theories of ethical relativism and ethical absolutism. It was stated in the book that a â€Å"pluralistic point of view only suggests the possibility that other views are correct; it does not demonstrate that they are correct† (banks, 9). So, what are the other two theories exactly? Ethical absolutism is the belief that there are certain actions that are right or wrong no matter†¦show more content†¦Ethical absolutism would still see this as wrong, because the action done is wrong. While ethical relativism would consider it morally okay. Ethical pluralism would see this situation as morally good but the action is still wrong, however, if the person was stealing food just because they do not want to pay, then it would be morally wrong. Ethical pluralism is considerate but not too considerate. The theory holds that there are more than one good ways to do something. The theory considers the whole situation is important because sometimes a person’s actions are caused by a life-threatening situation. What would anyone else do in that situation? Probably similar decisions, however, if the action is just morally wrong such as murdering someone innocent, then there is no need to look for any good out of that situation. Ethical pluralism is most accurate because it is not a close-minded theory. This helps steer a course because every situation is taken into consideration and really thought about. It is also not being controlled by religious thinkers or those who think every person has good in them. 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Workplace Health and Safety acts in Australia

Question: Describe about the workplace health and safety acts in Australia. Answer: Introduction Establishment of the safer and secure approaches within an organisational scenario helps in achieving the success of the business. The promotion of the workplace health and safety approaches is the driving force for retaining staffs and increasing the productivity (Chan-Mok, Caponecchia and Winder 2014). The implementation of the safe and healthy practices may sometimes require the higher cost of installing the safe equipments. However, ignoring such actions would be even much severe for a workplace. The employers have to maintain their responsibilities to promote the health and safety within the workplace, which will be signifying that the employees or the customers would not face any health related hazards (Stavropoulos 2014). Each of the state and the territory has to set the principle of the health and safety acts to ensure the needs related to the workplace health and safety aspects. The study is based on the promotion of the health and safety approaches in NSW, Australia. The study will be associated with the responsibilities of both the employers and employees towards the act. This segment will be followed by the set of objectives related to the health and safety acts. The association of the human resource responsibilities in implementing the OHS and acts within a workplace will also be discussed accordingly. Workplace Health and Safety Acts in NSW, Australia The implementation of the occupational health and safety approaches in Australia is considering the development of the national policy. The Union Charter of Workplace Rights mentioned, Australian law must ensure healthy and safe workplaces and a compensation and rehabilitation system which ensures that no worker is disadvantaged should they be injured at work (Safeatwork.org.au. 2016). The implementation of such acts is helpful enough in improvising the work health and safety arrangements by providing the compensation to the workers across Australia. WHS act in NSW is mainly concentrating on both preventing and improving the safety culture within the organisations in New South Wales (Galvin 2016). The principles related to the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 is backed by the regulations related to the work place health and safety. It is to be indicated that the WHS Act 2011 has enlarged the amount of people who are associated with the duty of care (Workplaceohs.com.au 2011). Furtherm ore, it can be stated that the employers need to manage their responsibilities towards successful management of the risks involved in the workplac The WHS act in NSW is associated with a set of objectives, which are as follows: Objectives of OHS Acts The objectives set for promoting the workplace safety act (WHS) are as follows: To provide the proper advice for improvising the work health and safety and minimise the risks To offer the registration and licensing for potential risks related to the works To investigate the incidents in workplace To install the testing services and enact the laws related to WHS in NSW. Concept of Workplace Health and Safety Organisational health and safety or the workplace health and safety are considered as a disciplinary approach based on the safety and security of the stakeholders in the workplace. The enactment of the health and safety laws is concentrating on the guiding principles related to the safer approaches maintained in the workplace (Richardson 2013). The mining industry is mostly associated with the maximum risks for the employees while working with the work related instruments. Apart from the mining industry, employees of health care departments and other industries are also associated with such work place risks. However, the implementation of the workplace safety law has been improvising the productivity of workplace activities (Schofield, Reeve and McCallum 2014). The employers in NSW found out that the employees engaged with the mining industry are much involved with the risks. Hence, the act has been implemented to minimise or prevent the hazardous situations that may harm the employe es within a workplace. Responsibilities of the employers and the employees towards OHS Acts The enactment of the workplace health and safety law is mainly depending on the responsibilities maintained by the employers to facilitate the organisational based activities. The maintenance of the responsibilities has been ensuring the prevention or the minimisation of the probable risks that the employees may face while performing any organisational activity (Santos et al. 2013). The set of the responsibilities that are needed to be maintained by the employers are listed as follows: The employers need to maintain the safe plant, such as equipments and other machineries along with the safe system of work. The employers need to control the areas associated with high risks (Blewett et al. 2014). Falling from the heights may create the permanent injuries to the workers. Therefore, the system should be implemented to prevent such falls. The employers need to concentrate on the proper arrangements for the safer actions while using, handling, or transporting the chemicals including some harmful materials. The employers need to keep the fire extinguisher services and the biometric alarm system to prevent the workplace from catching fire. The workers are needed to be provided with the adequate facilities of drinking water, hygienic areas of having food, clean toilets, and so on. The proper training and development session is needed to be provided to the workers to minimise the risks related to the organisational activities. Adequate monitoring process of workers health is necessary for the employers. For example, while the employers need to provide the employees the hearing tests, it may create the high noise level (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). Hence, it is needed to be concentrated on such parameter. The employers should implement a record system where the information about the health and safety of the workers would be recorded. It is essential to recruit the people with proper qualification or expertise that will be helpful enough in advising about the safer approaches. Even the employees need to maintain their responsibilities towards the company. While making some complaints or inquiry, the employees need to use the languages taught by the trainers (Shea et al. 2016). More specifically, the information regarding such aspects is needed to be followed. Purpose of Implementing the OHS acts It is much important to consult with the employees for the enactment of health and safety laws for managing the actions more effectively. The consultation process helps the employers to pay attention towards any work health related hazards that may cause harm to the employees. More specifically, the process is even helpful enough in promoting the positive traits of the health and safety cultures (Waldron 2013). Accordingly, the employees receive the opportunity to influence the associated procedures and policies. The bonding between the employers and the employees are also becoming much strong (Safeatwork.org.au 2016). The failure of the communication may affect the employees and the risks may increase accordingly. The health and safety representatives (HSR) have been playing much significant role in the workplaces of NSW. Schofield, Reeve and McCallum (2014) mentioned that the major responsibility of the HSR is to provide the proper means for the workers that will be helpful enough in raising the safety issues to the management. In focusing on such issues, the employer would undertake the relevant process for resolving them. The representatives are elected and they usually represent the risk management teams to discuss the issues received from the employees. While conducting the process of selecting the representatives for the work place health and safety, some of the steps are needed to be followed. As per the Work Health and Safety Act 2011, the workplace needs to include one or more work groups. The negotiation of people included in the work group can take place. Santos et al. (2013) suggested that the HSR is needed to be accessible for each of the employees. The negotiation process starts within 14 days of the request date. This negotiation process includes the composition of the work groups within the workplace. Moreover, the number of HSR and deputy HSR is also needed to be determined. All members of the group can vote for selecting the HSR. After three years the HSR needs to leave the work group by providing the resignation letter (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). The associated training and development process is also needed to be considered. The Role of HR in maintaining the workplace health and safety The human resource management has to maintain the significant responsibilities in promoting the health and safety act within the workplace. The set of responsibilities maintained by the HR is as follows: The major duty of an HR is to explain both the employees and the authority about the necessity of the safe environment of an organisation. In some of the cases, the compliance of health and safety technicalities requires the suggestions of the supervisors or the consultants (Stavropoulos 2014). Therefore, the HR performs the role of the mediator between the consultants and the employees. The establishment of the proper communication transparency between the employees and the employer is much necessary and the HR needs to promote such practices. Simultaneously, the HR needs to represent the issues raised by the employees within the workplace (Workplaceohs.com.au 2011). Boosting the morale and motivating the employees to be more committed towards the organisation are the major concerns of an HR. Conclusion Workplace health and safety is one of the major aspects within a workplace. While recruiting the employees, the employers have to consider the workplace safety that will prevent the hazardous situation from being faced by the employees. Therefore, the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 was established in the workplaces of NSW, Australia. The principles of workplace health and safety need to concentrate on several objectives that are necessary to be followed while promoting the act of health and safety. It is to be indicated that both the employers and the employees need to maintain the set of responsibilities to promote the workplace safety and security. The consultants need to provide some advices while making any decision based on this aspect. The representatives are selected by the group members and they present the safety related concerns to the higher authority. The human resource management is also playing the vital role in promoting the practices of workplace health and safety. T he HR helps in establishing the communication transparency between the employers and the employees. Even sometimes, they work as the mediator to convey the messages of the employees to the HSR. The maintenance of these aspects has been promoting the safer approaches within the workplace. References Blewett, V., Rainbird, S., Clarkson, L., Etherton, H. and Paterson, J., 2014. Strategic engagement: including youth in the development of the Youth Work Health and Safety Strategy for South Australia. InHuman Factors in Organizational Design and Management XI: Nordic Ergonomics Society Annual Conference Proceedings(pp. 711-716). 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